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71.
抗铅、镉菌株对土壤铅、镉生物有效性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
将从土壤中分离到的2株能同时耐铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的抗性菌株(编号为H1和H2)分别接种至Pb、Cd污染的土壤中进行小白菜盆栽试验,研究2株抗性菌株对土壤Pb、Cd生物有效性的影响。结果表明:H1菌株可专一性的钝化交换态Cd,降幅为43.78%,并能显著促进小白菜地上部生长,与对照相比增产79.62%;H2菌可同时降低交换态Pb、Cd的比重,降幅分别为30.31%和27.61%,但小白菜产量与对照无显著差异。此外,与对照相比,接菌处理均能显著降低小白菜地上部Pb、Cd含量。 相似文献
72.
73.
The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009.
Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was
less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007),
while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S.
salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation
from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground
living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization
in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was
classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the
nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient
loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were
not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective
measures. 相似文献
74.
75.
This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The
results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl
radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the
photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism
for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of
atrazine in the copper-polluted water. 相似文献
76.
Polyaspartic acid (PASP) has been extensively studied in recent years as a green scale inhibitor. PASP was synthesized by thermal polycondensation of maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate in this study. The optimal polycondensation reaction conditions were the raw material (maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate) molar ratio of 1.0:1.2, the polymerization temperature of 180°C and reaction time of 2.0 hr. The results showed that PASP exhibits very good scale inhibiting performance. The inhibition rate was 95% for calcium carbonate and 90% for calcium sulfate by the application of 5 mg/L PASP. 相似文献
77.
Historical trends of heavy metal contamination and their sources in lacustrine sediment from Xijiu Lake, Taihu Lake Catchment, China 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals (HMs), and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.1-47.3 mg/(cm2.yr), 2.4-398.1 mg/(cm2.yr), and 3.7-110.3 ng/(m2.yr), respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels. 相似文献
78.
高效厌氧产甲烷颗粒污泥中微生物多样性及定量化研究 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
以小试高效厌氧反应器不同运行阶段的颗粒污泥为对象,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和实时定量链式聚合酶反应(RTQ-PCR)等技术研究了其中微生物种群的多样性、特征微生物的空间分布和定量关系,结果表明:随着反应器有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥中古菌的群落结构的变化较细菌更为明显;细菌多分布在颗粒外层,而古菌则主要分布在颗粒内层;古菌含量略少于细菌,但有逐渐增多的趋势;产甲烷丝菌在古菌中的含量增加明显. 相似文献
79.
随着石油化工企业应用放射源数量的不断增多,放射源的安全管理已经成为石化企业安全管理工作的重要组成部分,尤其是废弃、闲置的放射源,存放不当或保存时间过久很容易丢失.对此,国家和中国石化集团公司高度重视,陆续颁布了一系列新的法规、规定.如国务院新修订的<放射性同位素与射线装置安全和防护条例>从2005年12月1日起实施,中国石化集团公司安全环保局也于2004年新修订了<放射防护管理规定>,并实行射线作业票制度.在中国石化集团公司历年安全大检查中,加大了对放射源的安全检查力度,放射源安全检查成为每次安全检查的必检内容. 相似文献
80.
2株苯胺降解的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从处理印染废水的活性污泥中分离得到2株苯胺降解菌,从菌落、细胞形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因扩增测序等方面对2株菌进行了鉴定,并比较分析2株菌在好氧与缺氧条件下的苯胺降解、偶氮染料脱色及苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因tdnQ和黄素还原酶基因(fre)的携带情况.结果表明,2株菌属于Pseudomonas属和Shewanella属,分别命名为Pseudomonas sp.AN30和Shewanella sp.DN425.AN30菌株在振荡好氧条件下72h内对250mg/L苯胺的降解率为96.1%,DN425菌株的降解率为13.8%;在静置缺氧条件下AN30菌株的苯胺降解率为39.6%,DN425菌株的降解率仅为8.6%.DN425菌株在静置缺氧条件下4h内可将初始浓度为50 mg/L的偶氮染料酸性大红彻底脱色,而AN30菌株对酸性大红不具有脱色能力.以总DNA为模板,分别用tdnQ基因和fre基因特异性引物进行扩增,2株菌均能扩增出大小分别为380bp和630bp左右的目标条带,显示2菌株均携带有苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因和黄素还原酶基因. 相似文献